Reurbanisierung im Ruhrgebiet - neue Städter auf alten Flächen?

Ein gestiegenes Interesse am Wohnen im urbanen Umfeld hat dazu geführt, dass von einem Trend zur Reurbanisierung gesprochen wird. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird für das Ruhrgebiet das Bedingungsgeflecht zwischen Strukturwandel, demografischen Veränderungen, sozialem Wandel und Flächenentwicklung betrachtet und auf die Potenziale für eine Reurbanisierung in diesem besonderen Raum untersucht. Im Rahmen einer Spurensuche werden Anhaltspunkte identifiziert, die auf eine Stärkung von Innenstadtquartieren schließen lassen. Wichtig ist dabei die Beachtung der Zielgruppen Senioren, Migranten und Familien. Die tatsächliche Nutzung der Potenziale zur Reurbanisierung kann durch Maßnahmen von Kommunen und Immobilienmarktakteuren beeinflusst werden. Möglichkeiten zur städtebaulichen Förderung von Reurbanisierung sind zu sehen in Nachverdichtung durch Ausbau, Aufstockung oder Anbau sowie Baulückenschließung und Sanierungen im Altbestand, Rückbau nicht mehr zeitgemäßen Wohnungsbestandes und Neubau von zielgruppenentsprechenden Gebäuden auf den Rückbauflächen oder auf den bereits vorhandenen Potenzialflächen. Brachflächen können aufgrund ihrer Größe und häufig zentralen Lage Spielräume zur stadtplanerischen Gestaltung eröffnen. Allerdings sind zahlreiche Flächen im Kernruhrgebiet bereits vermarktet. Viele der aktuellen großen Brachflächen finden sich am Rand der Region oder sind wegen Lage und Zustand für Wohnnutzung nicht oder nur eingeschränkt geeignet. Allgemeiner ist festzustellen, dass eine demografiesensible Kommunalentwicklung notwendig ist, die die Langfristperspektive und Tragfähigkeit von Projekten und Bestand beachtet und die Folgekosten kalkuliert. Reurbanisierung im Ruhrgebiet ist als Belebung von Teilräumen in den Städten zu lesen und nicht als Entwicklung, in deren Verlauf der gesamte Kern der Region eine günstigere Bevölkerungsveränderung als Suburbia verzeichnet. Dies gilt nicht nur in den Kernstädten des Ruhrgebiets, sondern auch und vielleicht gerade in den Zentren der kleineren Städte in Randlage.A growing interest in living in the urban environment has led to a discussion about a trend for reurbanization in different German regions. The paper is analysing the potential for reurbanization in the Ruhr region – a region between structural change, demographic decline and urban regeneration projects. Factors are identified that indicate a trend to strengthen the urban centres. For the trend of reurbanization it is important to observe the target groups seniors, immigrants and families. Ways to promote the reurbanization in the Ruhr region can be seen in activities like renovation of existing buildings, closing gaps between buildings, increasing the density and brownfield regeneration. New buildings should be customized to the target groups of reurbanization – a lot of building projects of the past have not been in line with the demand. Brownfields provide due to their size and their often central location possibilities for new urban development projects. However, many of the brownfields in the centre of the Ruhr area are already marketed. Now many of the major brownfields can be found at the edge of the region or are not adequate for residential use due to their location and/or condition. For future developments the urban planning should be aware of the demographic change. The planning of new projects should take the long-term perspective and follow-up costs into account. However, reurbanization in the Ruhr area is not a process that will culminate in a process in which the centre of the whole region will grow, but only as a process in which specific quarters take a positive development while other neighbouring quarters can still shrink. This is true not only in the core cities of the Ruhr area, but also and perhaps especially in the centres of the smaller towns in the suburban belt of the region

Cognitive control channels for the cooperation of opportunistic and composite wireless networks

Opportunistic networks (ONs) are considered as coordinated extensions of a radio access network infrastructure, which are dynamically and temporarily created in an infrastructure-less manner in order to increase service reachability, improve resource utilization efficiency and facilitate localised service provisioning. The realization of the ON concept relies on the existence of control channels which will provide necessary signalling for the coordination of the ON nodes. Proposed control channels are conceived as an evolution of the already established cognitive pilot channel concept. As a result, new interfaces are discussed in order to convey information from the infrastructure to the terminals and vice versa or between terminals. Finally, the business benefits of the aforementioned approach are provided in order to strengthen the notion of the proposed control channels and consider future expansions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

ETSI RRS - The Standardization Path to Next Generation Cognitive Radio Systems

This paper details the current work status of the ETSI Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS) Technical Committee (TC) and gives an outlook on the future evolution. While previous publications have presented an overview of ETSI RRS' main working axes related to i) Cognitive Radio System Aspects, ii) Radio Equipment Architecture (including a Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC) proposal and a Functional Architecture (FA) for Management and Control of Reconfigurable Radio Systems), iii) Cognitive Management and Control and iv) Public Safety, this document focuses on latest progress related to UHF White Spaces work and the definition of an SDR Handset Architecture. In particular, it is outlined how Cognitive Radio principles can help to adapt existing and/or evolving Radio Standards, such as 3GPP Long Term Evolution, to a possible operation in UHF White Space bands

PRO B: evaluating the effect of an alarm-based patient-reported outcome monitoring compared with usual care in metastatic breast cancer patients—study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Background: Despite the progress of research and treatment for breast cancer, still up to 30% of the patients afflicted will develop distant disease. Elongation of survival and maintaining the quality of life (QoL) become pivotal issues guiding the treatment decisions. One possible approach to optimise survival and QoL is the use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to timely identify acute disease-related burden. We present the protocol of a trial that investigates the effect of real-time PRO data captured with electronic mobile devices on QoL in female breast cancer patients with metastatic disease. Methods: This study is a randomised, controlled trial with 1:1 randomisation between two arms. A total of 1000 patients will be recruited in 40 selected breast cancer centres. Patients in the intervention arm receive a weekly request via an app to complete the PRO survey. Symptoms will be assessed by study-specific optimised short forms based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 domains using items from the EORTC CAT item banks. In case of deteriorating PRO scores, an alarm is sent to the treating study centre as well as to the PRO B study office. Following the alarm, the treating breast cancer centre is required to contact the patient to inquire about the reported symptoms and to intervene, if necessary. The intervention is not specified and depends on the clinical need determined by the treating physician. Patients in the control arm are prompted by the app every 3 months to participate in the PRO survey, but their response will not trigger an alarm. The primary outcome is the fatigue level 6 months after enrolment. Secondary endpoints include among others hospitalisations, use of rescue services and overall QoL. Discussion: Within the PRO B intervention group, we expect lower fatigue levels 6 months after intervention start, higher levels of QoL, less unplanned hospitalisations and less emergency room visits compared to controls. In case of positive results, our approach would allow a fast and easy transfer into clinical practice due to the use of the already nationwide existing IT infrastructure of the German Cancer Society and the independent certification institute OnkoZert

ETSI reconfigurable radio systems: status and future directions on software defined radio and cognitive radio standards

This article details the current work status of the ETSI Reconfigurable Radio Systems Technical Committee, positions the ETSI work with respect to other standards efforts (IEEE 802, IEEE SCC41) as well as the European Regulatory Framework, and gives an outlook on the future evolution. In particular, software defined radio related study results are presented with a focus on SDR architectures for mobile devices such as mobile phones. For MDs, a novel architecture and inherent interfaces are presented enabling the usage of SDR principles in a mass market context. Cognitive radio principles within ETSI RRS are concentrated on two topics, a cognitive pilot channel proposal and a Functional Architecture for Management and control of reconfigurable radio systems, including dynamic self-organizing planning and management, dynamic spectrum management, joint radio resource management. Finally, study results are indicated that are targeting a SDR/CR security framework.Postprint (published version

Protocols, performance assessment and consolidation on interfaces for standardization – D3.3

The following document presents a detailed description of the protocol for the “ Control Channels for the Cooperation of the Cognitive Management System ” (C4MS) which provides the necessary means to enable proper management of Opportunistic Networks. Additionally, the document defines the methodology that was applied for the purpose of signalling evaluation. The protocol overview presented in section 2 of the main document, provides the C4MS principles. The section includes, among others, the description of the protocol identifiers, procedures, protocol state machines and message format as well as the security asp ects. Section 3 provides a high-level description of the data structures defined within the scope of OneFIT project. The data structures are classified into five categories, i.e.: Profiles, Context, Decisions,Knowledge and Policies. The high level description is complemented by some detailed data structures in the Appendix to D3.3 Section 3[10]. Section 4 provides details on the evaluation methodology applied for the purpose of C4MS performance assessment. The section presents the evaluation plan along with a description of metrics that are to be exploited in the scope of WP3. Section 5 and Section 6 are composed of the signalling evaluation results. Section 5 focuses on the estimation of the signalling load imposed by ON management in different ON phases. Additionally some results for the initialization phase (not explicitly mentioned in the previous phases of the project)and security related aspects are also depicted. Section 6 on the other hand is focused on the evaluation of the signalling traffic generated by different ON related algorithms. Conclusions to the document are drawn in section 7. Detailed description of the C4MS procedures, implementation options based on IEEE 802.21, DIAMTER and 3GPP are depicted in the appendix to the D3.3[10] . Additionally, the appendix incorporates the detailed definition of the information data structures and final set of Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) provided for the OneFIT project.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Performance assessment & synergic operation of algorithmic solutions enabling opportunistic networks– D4.2

Deliverable D4.2 del projecte europeu OneFITPeer ReviewedPostprint (updated version

Validation platform implementation description – D5.2

Deliverable D5.2 del projecte OneFITPostprint (published version

Formulations and identification of algorithmic solutions for enabling opportunistic networks - M4.1

Milestone M4.1 del projecte Europeu OneFIT (ICT-2009-257385).This document contains a detailed description of the algorithms to be implemented to manage the opportunistic networks. There are defined according to the functional and system architecture (WP2) to fulfil the technical challenges. These algorithms will implemented during the WP4.2 and validated during the WP4.3Postprint (published version